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Steve Jobs

2011-10-08T12:33:00.001-07:00

Steve Jobs
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Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs wearing his signature jeans and a black turtleneck shirt at Macworld Conference & Expo in San Francisco, January 11, 2005
Born Steven Paul Jobs
February 24, 1955[1]
San Francisco, California, U.S.[1]
Died October 5, 2011 (aged 56)
Palo Alto, California, U.S.
Nationality American
Alma mater Reed College (one semester in 1972)
Occupation Co-founder and CEO, Apple Inc.
Years active 1974–2011
Net worth $7.0 billion (Sept. 2011)[2]
Board member of The Walt Disney Company,[3] Apple, Inc.
Religion Buddhism[4]
Spouse Laurene Powell Jobs
(1991–2011, his death)
Children 3 daughters, 1 son
Relatives Mona Simpson (sister)
Signature
Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011)[5] was an American inventor and businessman. He was co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc.[6] Jobs also previously served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of the Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney.
In the late 1970s, Jobs—along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula and others—designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Macintosh.[7][8] After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets. Apple's subsequent 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded, and he served as its interim CEO from 1997, then becoming permanent CEO from 2000 onwards.[9] After resigning as CEO in August 2011, Jobs was elected chairman of Apple's board of directors and held that title until his death.
In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd, which was spun off as Pixar Animation Studios.[10] He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive producer.[11] He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006.[12] Consequently Jobs became Disney's largest individual shareholder at 7 percent and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.[13][14]
On October 5, 2011, Jobs died in California at age 56, seven years after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.[15]
Contents [hide]
1 Early years
2 Career
2.1 Founding of Apple Computer
2.2 NeXT Computer
2.3 Pixar and Disney
2.4 Return to Apple
2.5 Resignation
3 Business life
3.1 Wealth
3.2 Stock options backdating issue
3.3 Management style
3.4 Inventions
3.5 Philanthropy
4 Personal life
4.1 Health
4.1.1 2008 development
4.1.2 2011 medical leave and resignation
4.2 Death
5 Honors and public recognition
6 In the media
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
9.1 Articles
9.2 Interviews
Early years

Jobs was born in San Francisco[1] and was adopted by the family of Paul Jobs and Clara Jobs (née Hagopian) of Mountain View, California.[16] Paul and Clara later adopted a daughter, Patti. Jobs's biological parents—Abdulfattah John Jandali, a Syrian Muslim immigrant to the U.S.,[17][18] who later became a political science professor at the University of Nevada and is presently a vice president of Boomtown Hotel Casino in Reno, Nevada,[19] and Joanne Schieble (later Simpson), an American graduate student[20] of Swiss and German ancestry[21] who went on to become a speech language pathologist[22]—eventually[when?] married. The marriage produced Jobs's biological sister, novelist Mona Simpson; the two of them first met in 1986 as adults and enjoyed a close relationship since, with Jobs regularly visiting Simpson in Manhattan. From Simpson, Jobs learned more about their birth parents and he invited his biological mother Joanne to some events.[23][24] Jandali claims that he didn't want to put Jobs up for adoption but that Simpson's parents did not approve of her marrying a Syrian. Jandali's few attempts to contact Jobs were unsuccessful;[25] Jobs did not contact his biological father either.[26] Jandali gave an interview to The Sun in August 2011 when Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple; Jandali also mailed in his medical history after Jobs's pancreatic disorder was made public that year.[27][28]

Steve Jobs at the WWDC 07
Jobs attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. He frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Steve Wozniak as a summer employee.[29] Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Although he dropped out after only one semester,[30] he continued auditing classes at Reed, while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple.[31] Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts."[31]
In the fall of 1974, Jobs returned to California and began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak. He took a job as a technician at Atari, a manufacturer of popular video games, with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to India.
Jobs then traveled to India to visit Neem Karoli Baba[32] at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, the first Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. He came back a Buddhist with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing.[33][34] During this time, Jobs experimented with psychedelics, calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life".[35] He later said that people around him who did not share his countercultural roots could not fully relate to his thinking.[35]
Jobs returned to his previous job at Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the game Breakout. According to Atari founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest in or knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the bonus evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of the offered $5,000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350.[36]
Career

Founding of Apple Computer
See also: History of Apple
In 1976, Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne founded Apple,[37] with later funding from a then-semi-retired Intel product-marketing manager and engineer A.C. "Mike" Markkula Jr..[38] Prior to co-founding Apple, Wozniak was an electronics hacker. Jobs and Wozniak met in 1971 when their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez, introduced 21-year-old Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs. Friends for several years, Jobs managed to interest Wozniak in assembling a computer and selling it.[39] As Apple continued to expand, the company began looking for an experienced executive to help manage its expansion.

Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference (D5) in 2007
In 1978, Apple recruited Mike Scott from National Semiconductor to serve as CEO for what turned out to be several turbulent years. In 1983, Jobs lured John Sculley away from Pepsi-Cola to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me and change the world?"[40] The following year, Apple aired a Super Bowl television commercial titled "1984". At Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience; Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium".[41] The Macintosh became the first commercially successful small computer with a graphical user interface. The development of the Mac was started by Jef Raskin, and eventually taken over by Jobs.
While Jobs was a persuasive and charismatic director for Apple, some of his employees from that time described him as an erratic and temperamental manager. An industry-wide sales slump towards the end of 1984 caused a deterioration in Jobs's working relationship with Sculley, and at the end of May 1985—following an internal power struggle and an announcement of significant layoffs because of disappointing sales at the time—Sculley relieved Jobs of his duties as head of the Macintosh division.[42][43] Jobs later claimed that being fired from Apple was the best thing that could have happened to him; "The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life."[44]
NeXT Computer
See also: NeXT

The NeXT used by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN that became the first server in the World Wide Web.
After leaving Apple, Jobs founded NeXT Computer in 1985 with $7 million. A year later, Jobs was running out of money, and with no product on the horizon, he appealed for venture capital. Eventually, he attracted the attention of billionaire Ross Perot who invested heavily in the company.[45] NeXT workstations were first released in 1990, priced at $9,999. Like the Apple Lisa, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced, but was largely dismissed as cost-prohibitive by the educational sector for which it was designed.[46] The NeXT workstation was known for its technical strengths, chief among them its object-oriented software development system. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the financial, scientific, and academic community, highlighting its innovative, experimental new technologies, such as the Mach kernel, the digital signal processor chip, and the built-in Ethernet port.
The revised, second-generation NeXTcube was released in 1990 also. Jobs touted it as the first "interpersonal" computer that would replace the personal computer. With its innovative NeXTMail multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time. "Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionise human communications and groupwork", Jobs told reporters.[47] Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case.[48] This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of NeXTSTEP/Intel.[49] The company reported its first profit of $1.03 million in 1994.[45] In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc. released WebObjects, a framework for web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. in 1997, WebObjects was used to build and run the Apple Store,[49] MobileMe services, and the iTunes Store.
Pixar and Disney

Jobs at the 2008 Macworld Conference & Expo
In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from Lucasfilm's computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital.[50]
The new company, which was originally based at Lucasfilm's Kerner Studios in San Rafael, California, but has since relocated to Emeryville, California, was initially intended to be a high-end graphics hardware developer. After years of unprofitability selling the Pixar Image Computer, it contracted with Disney to produce a number of computer-animated feature films that Disney would co-finance and distribute.
The first film produced by the partnership, Toy Story, brought fame and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released in 1995. Over the next 15 years, under Pixar's creative chief John Lasseter, the company produced box-office hits A Bug's Life (1998); Toy Story 2 (1999); Monsters, Inc. (2001); Finding Nemo (2003); The Incredibles (2004); Cars (2006); Ratatouille (2007); WALL-E (2008); Up (2009); and Toy Story 3 (2010). Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up and Toy Story 3 each received the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, an award introduced in 2001.

Steve Jobs on computer graphics. Interview excerpt from 1995.[51]
In the years 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive Michael Eisner tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership,[52] and in early 2004 Jobs announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films once its contract with Disney expired.
In October 2005, Bob Iger replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to patch up relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. Once the deal closed, Jobs became The Walt Disney Company's largest single shareholder with approximately 7% of the company's stock.[13] Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceed those of Eisner, who holds 1.7%, and of Disney family member Roy E. Disney, who until his 2009 death held about 1% of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner—especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar—accelerated Eisner's ousting. Jobs joined the company's board of directors upon completion of the merger. Jobs also helped oversee Disney and Pixar's combined animation businesses with a seat on a special six person steering committee.
Return to Apple
See also: "1998–2005: Return to profitability" in Apple Computer, Inc.
In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $429 million. The deal was finalized in late 1996,[53] bringing Jobs back to the company he co-founded. Jobs became de facto chief after then-CEO Gil Amelio was ousted in July 1997. He was formally named interim chief executive in September.[54] In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated a number of projects, such as Newton, Cyberdog, and OpenDoc. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company."[55] Jobs also changed the licensing program for Macintosh clones, making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines.
With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably NeXTSTEP, which evolved into Mac OS X. Under Jobs's guidance the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO.[56] Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title 'iCEO.'[57]
The company subsequently branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With the introduction of the iPod portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the iTunes Store, the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the iPhone, a multi-touch display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene. While stimulating innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that "real artists ship",[citation needed] by which he meant that delivering working products on time is as important as innovation and attractive design.

Jobs speaking with journalist Walt Mossberg at the All Things Digital conference in 2007.
Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the "reality distortion field" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquially known as "Stevenotes") at Macworld Expos and at Apple Worldwide Developers Conferences.
In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for e-waste in the U.S. by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's Annual Meeting in Cupertino in April. A few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The Computer TakeBack Campaign responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker.[31] The banner read "Steve—Don't be a mini-player recycle all e-waste". In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any U.S. customer who buys a new Mac. This program includes shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems.[58]
Resignation
In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, but remained at the company as chairman of the company's board.[59][60] Hours after the announcement, Apple Inc. (AAPL) shares dropped 5% in after-hour trading.[61] The relatively small drop, when considering the importance of Jobs to Apple, was associated with the fact that Jobs's health had been in the news for several years, and he was on medical leave since January 2011.[62] It was believed, according to Forbes, that the impact would be felt in a negative way beyond Apple, including at The Walt Disney Company where Jobs served as director.[63] In after-hour trading on the day of the announcement, Walt Disney Co. (DIS) shares dropped 1.5%.[64]
Business life

Jobs holding a white iPhone 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010
Wealth
Even though Jobs earned only $1 a year as CEO of Apple,[65] he held 5.426 million Apple shares, as well as 138 million shares in Disney (which he received in exchange for Disney's acquisition of Pixar).[66] Jobs quipped that the $1 per annum he was paid by Apple was based on attending one meeting for 50 cents while the other 50 cents was based on his performance.[67] Forbes estimated his net wealth at $8.3 billion in 2010, making him the 42nd wealthiest American.[68]
Stock options backdating issue
In 2001, Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5 million shares of Apple with an exercise price of $18.30. It was alleged that the options had been backdated, and that the exercise price should have been $21.10. It was further alleged that Jobs had thereby incurred taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report, and that Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. As a result, Jobs potentially faced a number of criminal charges and civil penalties. The case is the subject of active criminal and civil government investigations,[69] though an independent internal Apple investigation completed on December 29, 2006, found that Jobs was unaware of these issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised in 2003.[70] On July 1, 2008, a $7 billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple Board of Directors for revenue lost due to the alleged securities fraud.[71][72]
Management style

Jobs demonstrating the iPhone 4 to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on June 23, 2010
Jobs was a demanding perfectionist[73][74][75] who always aspired to position his businesses and their products at the forefront of the information technology industry by foreseeing and setting trends, at least in innovation and style. He summed up that self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the Macworld Conference and Expo in January 2007 by quoting ice hockey legend Wayne Gretzky:
There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been.' And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very very beginning. And we always will.[76]
Much was made of Jobs's aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune wrote that he was "considered one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs".[77] Commentaries on his temperamental style can be found in Mike Moritz's The Little Kingdom,The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, by Alan Deutschman; and iCon: Steve Jobs, by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon. In 1993, Jobs made Fortune's list of America's Toughest Bosses in regard to his leadership of NeXT. Cofounder Dan'l Lewin was quoted in Fortune as saying of that period, "The highs were unbelievable ... But the lows were unimaginable", to which Jobs's office replied that his personality had changed since then.[78]
In 2005, Jobs banned all books published by John Wiley & Sons from Apple Stores in response to their publishing an unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs.[79] In its 2010 annual earnings report, Wiley said it had "closed a deal ... to make its titles available for the iPad."[80] Jef Raskin, a former colleague, once said that Jobs "would have made an excellent king of France," alluding to Jobs's compelling and larger-than-life persona.[81] Floyd Norman said that at Pixar, Jobs was a "mature, mellow individual" and never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers.[82]
Jobs had a public war of words with Dell Computer CEO Michael Dell, starting[when?] when Jobs first criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes".[83] On October 6, 1997, in a Gartner Symposium, when Michael Dell was asked what he would do if he owned then-troubled Apple Computer, he said "I'd shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders."[84] In 2006, Jobs sent an email to all employees when Apple's market capitalization rose above Dell's. The email read:
Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today. Steve.[85]
Inventions
Jobs is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 338 US patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards and packages.[86][87]
Philanthropy
Arik Hesseldahl of BusinessWeek magazine opined that "Jobs isn't widely known for his association with philanthropic causes", compared to Bill Gates' efforts.[88] After resuming control of Apple in 1997, Jobs eliminated all corporate philanthropy programs.[89]
Personal life

Jobs married Laurene Powell on March 18, 1991. Presiding over the wedding was the Zen Buddhist monk Kobun Chino Otogawa.[90] The couple have a son and two daughters.[91] Jobs also has a daughter, Lisa Brennan-Jobs (born 1978), from his relationship with Bay Area painter Chrisann Brennan.[92] She briefly raised their daughter on welfare when Jobs denied paternity by claiming he was sterile; he later acknowledged Lisa as his daughter.[92]
In the unauthorized biography, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, author Alan Deutschman reports that Jobs once dated Joan Baez. Deutschman quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friend of Jobs from his time at Reed College, as saying she "believed that Steve became the lover of Joan Baez in large measure because Baez had been the lover of Bob Dylan" (Dylan was the Apple icon's favorite musician). The biography also notes that Jobs went out with actress Diane Keaton briefly.[citation needed] In another unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon, the authors suggest that Jobs might have married Baez, but her age at the time (41) meant it was unlikely the couple could have children.
Jobs was also a fan of The Beatles. He referred to them on multiple occasions at Keynotes and also was interviewed on a showing of a Paul McCartney concert. When asked about his business model on 60 Minutes, he replied:
My model for business is The Beatles: They were four guys that kept each other's negative tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts. Great things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people.[93]
In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment in The San Remo, an apartment building in New York City with a politically progressive reputation, where Demi Moore, Steven Spielberg, Steve Martin, and Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, daughter of Rita Hayworth, also had apartments. With the help of I.M. Pei, Jobs spent years renovating his apartment in the top two floors of the building's north tower, only to sell it almost two decades later to U2 singer Bono. Jobs never moved in.[94][95]
In 1984, Jobs purchased a 17,000-square-foot (1,600 m2), 14-bedroom Spanish Colonial mansion, designed by George Washington Smith, in Woodside, California (also known as Jackling House). Although it reportedly remained in an almost unfurnished state, Jobs lived in the mansion for almost ten years. According to reports, he kept an old BMW motorcycle in the living room, and let Bill Clinton use it in 1998. From the early 1990s, Jobs lived in a house in the Old Palo Alto neighborhood of Palo Alto. President Clinton dined with Jobs and 14 Silicon Valley CEOs there on August 7, 1996, at a meal catered by Greens Restaurant.[96][97] Clinton returned the favor and Jobs, who was a Democratic donor, slept in the Lincoln bedroom of the White House.[98]
Jobs allowed Jackling House to fall into a state of disrepair, planning to demolish the house and build a smaller home on the property; but he met with complaints from local preservationists over his plans. In June 2004, the Woodside Town Council gave Jobs approval to demolish the mansion, on the condition that he advertise the property for a year to see if someone would move it to another location and restore it. A number of people expressed interest, including several with experience in restoring old property, but no agreements to that effect were reached. Later that same year, a local preservationist group began seeking legal action to prevent demolition. In January 2007 Jobs was denied the right to demolish the property, by a court decision.[99] The court decision was overturned on appeal in March 2010 and the mansion was demolished beginning February 2011.[100]
Jobs usually wore a black long-sleeved mock turtleneck made by St. Croix, Levi's 501 blue jeans, and New Balance 991 sneakers.[101] He was a pescetarian, one whose diet includes fish but no other meat.[102][103]
His car was a silver 2008 Mercedes SL 55 AMG, which does not display its license plates.[104][105]
Health
In mid-2004, Jobs announced to his employees that he had been diagnosed with a cancerous tumor in his pancreas.[106] The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is usually very poor;[107] Jobs, however, stated that he had a rare, far less aggressive type known as islet cell neuroendocrine tumor.[106] Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for evidence-based medical intervention for nine months,[108] instead consuming a special alternative medicine diet to thwart the disease, before eventually undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy (or "Whipple procedure") in July 2004 that appeared to successfully remove the tumor.[109][110] Jobs apparently did not require nor receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy.[106][111] During Jobs's absence, Timothy D. Cook, head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company.[106]
In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual Worldwide Developers Conference. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and unusually "listless" delivery,[112][113] together with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media and Internet speculation about his health.[114] In contrast, according to an Ars Technica journal report, WWDC attendees who saw Jobs in person said he "looked fine".[115] Following the keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that "Steve's health is robust."[116]
2008 development
Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs's 2008 WWDC keynote address.[117] Apple officials stated Jobs was victim to a "common bug" and was taking antibiotics,[118] while others surmised his cachectic appearance was due to the Whipple procedure.[119] During a July conference call discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Jobs's health by insisting that it was a "private matter". Others, however, voiced the opinion that shareholders had a right to know more, given Jobs's hands-on approach to running his company.[120][121] The New York Times published an article based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs, noting that "while his health issues have amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug,' they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer."[122]
On August 28, 2008, Bloomberg mistakenly published a 2500-word obituary of Jobs in its corporate news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. (News carriers customarily stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known figure's untimely death.) Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs reported on it,[123][124] intensifying rumors concerning Jobs's health.[125] Jobs responded at Apple's September 2008 Let's Rock keynote by quoting Mark Twain: "Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."[126] At a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading "110/70", referring to his blood pressure, stating he would not address further questions about his health.[127]
On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president Phil Schiller would deliver the company's final keynote address at the Macworld Conference and Expo 2009, again reviving questions about Jobs's health.[128][129] In a statement given on January 5, 2009 on Apple.com,[130] Jobs said that he had been suffering from a "hormone imbalance" for several months.[131] On January 14, 2009, in an internal Apple memo, Jobs wrote that in the previous week he had "learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought" and announced a six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009 to allow him to better focus on his health. Tim Cook, who previously acted as CEO in Jobs's 2004 absence, became acting CEO of Apple,[132] with Jobs still involved with "major strategic decisions."[132]
In April 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant at Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute in Memphis, Tennessee.[133][134] Jobs's prognosis was "excellent".[133]
2011 medical leave and resignation
On January 17, 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned from his liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health". As during his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.[135][136] Despite the leave, he made appearances at the iPad 2 launch event (March 2), the WWDC keynote introducing iCloud (June 6), and before the Cupertino city council (June 7).[137]
Jobs announced his resignation from his role as Apple's CEO on August 24, 2011. In his resignation letter, Jobs wrote that he could "no longer meet [his] duties and expectations as Apple's CEO".[138]
Death
Jobs died at his home on October 5, 2011, due to complications from a rare form of pancreatic cancer.[139] His death was announced by Apple in a statement which read:

Apple's homepage from October 5, 2011 – present; Created in remembrance of Jobs shortly after he died
We are deeply saddened to announce that Steve Jobs passed away today. Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve. His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family. Our hearts go out to them and to all who were touched by his extraordinary gifts."[140]
Jobs is survived by Laurene, his wife of 20 years, their three children and by Lisa Brennan-Jobs, his daughter from a previous relationship.[141] His family released a statement saying that he "died peacefully".[142][143]
Also since October 5, 2011, Apple's corporate website greeted visitors with a simple page showing Jobs's name and lifespan next to his grayscale portrait. Clicking on Jobs's image led to an obituary that read "Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple." An email address was also posted for the public to share their memories, condolences, and thoughts.[144][145]
A large number of newspapers carried news of his death on the front pages. Statements reacting to Jobs's death were made by several notable people, including U.S. President Barack Obama,[146] Microsoft founder Bill Gates,[147] and The Walt Disney Company's Bob Iger. Wired News collected reactions and posted them in tribute on their homepage.[148] Other statements of condolences were issued by the likes of Steven Spielberg, Steve Wozniak, and George Lucas.[149][150][151][152]
A small private funeral was held on October 7, 2011, according to the Wall Street Journal.[153]
Honors and public recognition

After Apple's founding, Jobs became a symbol of his company and industry. When Time named the computer as the 1982 "Machine of the Year", the magazine published a long profile of Steve as "the most famous maestro of the micro".[154][155]
Jobs was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Ronald Reagan in 1984 with Steve Wozniak (among the first people to ever receive the honor),[156] and a Jefferson Award for Public Service in the category "Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under" (also known as the Samuel S. Beard Award) in 1987.[157] On November 27, 2007, Jobs was named the most powerful person in business by Fortune Magazine.[158] On December 5, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Jobs into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.[159]
In August 2009, Jobs was selected as the most admired entrepreneur among teenagers in a survey by Junior Achievement.[160] On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the CEO of the decade by Fortune Magazine.[161] In September 2011, Jobs was ranked No.17 on Forbes: The World's Most Powerful People.[162] In December 2010, the Financial Times named Jobs its person of the year for 2010, ending its essay by stating, "In his autobiography, John Sculley, the former PepsiCo executive who once ran Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: 'Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product.' How wrong can you be".[163]
At the time of his resignation, and again after his death, he was widely described as a visionary, pioneer and genius[164][165][166][167] —perhaps one of the foremost— in the field of business,[168][169][161] innovation,[170] and product design,[171] and a man who had profoundly changed the face of the modern world,[164][166][170] revolutionized at least six different industries,[165] and who was an "exemplar for all chief executives".[165] His death was widely mourned[172] and considered a loss to the world by commentators across the globe.[167]
After his resignation as Apple's CEO, Jobs was characterized as the Thomas Edison and Henry Ford of his time.[173][174]
In the media

Jobs was prominently featured in four productions about the history of the personal computing industry:
Triumph of the Nerds—a 1996 three-part documentary for PBS, about the rise of the home computer/personal computer.
Nerds 2.0.1—a 1998 three-part documentary for PBS, (and sequel to Triumph of the Nerds) which chronicles the development of the Internet.
Pirates of Silicon Valley—a 1999 docudrama which chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft. He was portrayed by Noah Wyle.
The Machine that Changed the World (1992)—Part 3 of this 5-part documentary, called The Paperback Computer, prominently featured Jobs and his role in the early days of Apple.
Notes

^ a b c "Smithsonian Oral and Video Histories: Steve Jobs". Smithsonian Institution. April 20, 1995. Retrieved September 20, 2006.
^ "Forbes 400 Richest Americans". Forbes. September 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ "The Walt Disney Company and Affiliated Companies – Board of Directors". The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
^ Elkind, Peter (March 15, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". Fortune. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
^ "Statement by Apple's Board of Directors" (Press release). Apple Inc.. October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
^ "Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple" (Press release). Apple Inc.. August 24, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
^ Kahney, Leander (January 6, 2004). "Wired News: We're All Mac Users Now". Wired News. Retrieved September 20, 2006.
^ "America's Most Admired Companies: Jobs' journey timeline". CNNMoney.com. Retrieved May 24, 2010. Jobs and a team of engineers visit Xerox PARC, where they see a demo of mouse and graphical user interface
^ Vivek Kaul (May 11, 2009). "What Steve Jobs did when he was fired from Apple". DNA (newspaper).
^ "Pixar History – 1986". Pixar. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
^ ""Toy Story" Credits". IMDB.
^ "Apple—Press Info—Bios—Steve Jobs". Apple Inc.. May 2006. Retrieved September 20, 2006.[dead link]
^ a b January 25, 2006 Disney buys Pixar for $7.4 bn, rediff.com
^ "The Walt Disney Company—Steve Jobs Biography".
Holson, Laura M. (January 25, 2006). "Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4 Billion Deal". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
"Pixar Becomes Unit of Disney". The New York Times. Associated Press. May 6, 2006. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
^ Rushe, Dominic (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs, Apple co-founder, dies at 56". The Guardian (UK).
^ "Apple's Visionary Redefined Digital Age". New York Times. October 5, 2011.
^ Ali, Mohannad Al-Haj (February 28, 2011). "Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, Jobs's biological father". The Guardian. UK.[dead link]
^ "Steve Jobs' Father Regrets Adoption, Hasn't Met Apple Founder". Retrieved August 29, 2011.
^ Smith, David (January 29, 2006). "The non-stop revolutionary". The Guardian (London).
^ Sherman, Suzan. "BOMB Magazine: Mona Simpson by Ameena Meer". Bombsite.com. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
^ Sadeghi, Shirin (October 5, 2011). "Steve Jobs Was an Arab American". New America Media. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
^ Lohr, Steve (January 12, 1997). "Creating Jobs". The New York Times.
^ Alan Deutschman, Richard Siklos, Heather Halberstadt, John Brodie, Duff McDonald, Craig Offman and Richard Rushfield, "The New Establishment 2005: The 50 Most Powerful Leaders of the Information Age", Vanity Fair, October 1, 2005.
^ Elkind, Peter (March 4, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". CNN.
^ Colleen Curry (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs Kept Private Life Closely Guarded Secret". ABC News. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
^ "Abdulfattah John Jandali, Steve Jobs' Father, Saddened in Final Months". LA Late. October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
^ "First chat with Apple tycoon's dad". The Sun. August 27, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
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^ "Il santone della Silicon Valley che ha conquistato i tecno-boss" (in Italian). Repubblica.it. June 9, 2008. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ Andrews, Amanda (January 14, 2009). "Steve Jobs, Apple's iGod: Profile". The Daily Telegraph (UK). Retrieved October 29, 2009.
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^ a b John Markoff (2005). What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. Penguin. p. preface xix. ISBN 978-0-14-303676-0. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
^ Letters – General Questions Answered, Woz.org
Wozniak, Steven: "iWoz", a: pages 147–148, b: page 180. W. W. Norton, 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-06143-7
Kent, Stevn: "The Ultimate History of Video Games", pages 71–73. Three Rivers, 2001. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4
"Breakout". Arcade History. June 25, 2002. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
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^ a b O'Grady, J. (2008). Apple Inc. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313362440.
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^ "The 400 Richest Americans 2009". Forbes. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
^ "New questions raised about Steve Jobs's role in Apple stock options scandal". December 28, 2006.
^ "Apple restates, acknowledges faked documents". EE Times. December 29, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
^ "Group Wants $7B USD From Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives Over Securities Fraud".
^ "Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives, Board, Sued For Securities Fraud".
^ Steve Jobs' Legacy To Democracy – Forbes
^ 7.30 – ABC
^ Lateline – 06/10/2011: Visionary Steve Jobs succumbs to cancer
^ "JOBS MACWORLD 07". blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com. 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
^ Colvin, Geoff (March 19, 2007). "Steve Jobs's Bad Bet". Fortune. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
^ Dumaine, Brian (October 18, 1993). "America's Toughest Bosses". Fortune (CNN).
^ Hafner, Katie (April 30, 2005). "Steve Jobs's Review of His Biography: Ban It". The New York Times: p. Technology. Retrieved October 16, 2006.
^ Weinman, Sarah (June 17, 2010). "Education Publisher John Wiley & Sons Closes Fiscal Year on a Strong Note". DailyFinance (AOL). Retrieved September 3, 2010.
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^ Floyd Norman (January 19, 2009). "Steve Jobs: A Tough Act to Follow". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
^ "If Apple can go home again, why not Dell?" CNET News. May 19, 2008.
^ "Dell: Apple should close shop". CNET.
^ Markoff, John (January 16, 2006). "Michael Dell Should Eat His Words, Apple Chief Suggests". The New York Times. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
^ "U.S. Government patent database". Retrieved August 29, 2011.
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^ Tallant, Nicola (May 1, 2005). "Bono's E11.5M 'Bargain Buy'". The Sunday People.
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^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. "pescatarian." [Online] Merriam Webster, Inc. Available at http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pescatarian [Accessed July 17, 2009]
^ "Jobs gets out of the Happy Meal business". ZDNet. May 9, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2010. "... Jobs, who is a pescetarian (neither vegetarian nor vegan as is often reported), ..."
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^ http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/10/steve-jobs-and-the-celebrity-diagnosis-complete-guide-to-pancreatic-cancers/
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^ "Pancreatic Cancer Treatment". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
^ Markoff, John (July 23, 2008). "Talk of Chief's Health Weighs on Apple's Share Price". New York Times.
^ Elmer, Philip (June 13, 2008). "Steve Jobs and Whipple". Apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
^ "Looking very thin, almost gaunt":Kahney, Leander. "Has Steve Jobs Lost His Magic?". Cult of Mac. Wired News. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
^ "[The audience was] uninspired (and concerned) by Jobs' relatively listless delivery":Meyers, Michelle. "Jobs speech wasn't very Jobs-like". BLOGMA (CNET News.com). Retrieved August 8, 2006.
^ Saracevic, Al (August 9, 2006). "Where's Jobs' Mojo?". San Francisco Chronicle: p. C1. Retrieved August 9, 2006.
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^ Claburn, Thomas (August 11, 2006). "Steve Jobs Lives!". InformationWeek. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
^ "Business Technology: Steve Jobs's Appearance Grabs Notice, Not Just the IPhone". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 19, 2010.[dead link]
^ "Apple says Steve Jobs feeling a little under the weather" in AppleInsider.
^ Elmer, Philip (June 13, 2008). "Fortune Magazine Article". Apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
^ "Steve Jobs and Apple" Marketing Doctor Blog. July 24, 2008.
^ http://www.medpagetoday.com/Blogs/24484
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^ Steve Jobs
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^ a b Lashinsky, Adam (November 5, 2009). "Steve Jobs: CEO of the decade". CNN. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
^ Noer, Michael (November 11, 2009). "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes.
^ Richard Waters and Joseph Menn, "Silicon Valley visionary who put Apple on top", Financial Times, December 22, 2010. The actual text from the biography is:
Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. That's why it hired a soft-drinks guy in the first place. By now, however, I knew this was a lunatic plan; our race to realize it had been a death march. Technology companies are only superficially in the same category as consumer products companies. We couldn't bend reality to all our dreams of changing the world. The world would also have to change us. Our perspective had been hopelessly wrong. High tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product. The consumer business had collapsed at the end of 1984. Most people who bought computers stuffed them in the closet because balancing a checkbook wasn't reason enough to flick on the switch. Consumers weren't ready to put computers in their homes as easily as they installed telephones, refrigerators, televisions, and even Cuisinarts. They weren't willing to pay a couple of thousand dollars for something they didn't know what to do with.
—John Sculley and John A. Byrne, Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple—a journey of adventure, ideas and the future, Harper & Row, 1987
^ a b Roeper, Richard (2011 [last update]). "Steve Jobs' impact goes far beyond phones, computers". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved October 7, 2011. "Steve Jobs was one of the most foremost pioneers of our time... he made a difference that will be felt for 560 years to come"
^ a b c "Leading article: The sad loss of one of a kind". The Independent (London: INM). October 6, 2011. ISSN 0951-9467. OCLC 185201487. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Steve Jobs revolutionised no fewer than six different industries: personal computers, mobile phones, music publishing, animated films, digital publishing and tablet computing... His genius was unconfined... an exemplar for all chief executives... a visionary...""
^ a b Fairweather, Alastair (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs: A genius to the end". Mail & Guardian Online (South Africa). Retrieved October 7, 2011. "Through sheer hard work... Jobs changed the world not once but three times. His companies and products have delighted and inspired hundreds of millions."
^ a b Rushton, Katherine (October 6, 2011). "Apple: can the company continue the magic of Steve Jobs?". The Daily Telegraph (London: TMG). ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Steve Jobs encapsulated a rare union of technological genius and an instinctive and perfectionist eye for design... his death is a major loss to the world at large"
^ Goodwins, Rupert (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs and the limits of genius". ZDNet. Retrieved October 7, 2011. "[H]e was a genius, in any way that makes sense of the word. Most particularly, it works in its original senses – a spirit, the light of the fire, a unique, primal, driving intelligence. Nobody else could do what he did, not even after 30 years of seeing him do it ... He was a visionary, a catalyst and a motivator. He saw things that nobody else could see; he made them happen... Steve Jobs was a superb technologist but a better businessman: that is his legacy""
^ Schuman, Michael (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs the businessman: Can Apple thrive without him?". Time magazine (Curious Capitalist column). Retrieved October 6, 2011. "[I]n the world of business, he will also be honored as an absolutely brilliant CEO... Jobs was probably unrivaled in the world today in matching great ideas with savvy marketing and pristine execution"
^ a b Chapman, Glen (October 6, 2011). "Apple 'genius' Steve Jobs dies from cancer". WNCF TV. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "US President Barack Obama paid tribute to one of America's "greatest innovators.... He transformed our lives, redefined entire industries, and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: he changed the way each of us sees the world""
^ Gelernter, David (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs and the Coolest Show on Earth". The Wall Street Journal (New York: Dow Jones). ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Steve Jobs had a genius for seeing what was good and refining, repackaging and reselling it with dazzling panache. He knew what engineering was for, he understood elegance and he made machines that were works of art."
^ Chapman, Glen (October 6, 2011). "Apple 'genius' Steve Jobs dies from cancer". WNCF TV. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Tributes flowed in from around the world ... Ordinary people, many of whom learned of his death on their iPhones and iPads, swamped Twitter using the trending hashtag #thankyousteve to pay tribute..."
^ Cain Miller, Claire (August 25, 2011). "Where Some Earn Enmity, Jobs Won Affection". The New York Times. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
^ Nocera, Joe (August 26, 2011). "What Makes Steve Jobs Great". The New York Times. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
References

Caddes, Carolyn (1986). Portraits of Success: Impressions of Silicon Valley Pioneers. Tioga Publishing Co.. ISBN 0-935382-56-9.
Cringely, Robert X. (1996). Accidental Empires. HarperBusiness. ISBN 0-88730-855-4.
Denning, Peter J. & Frenkel, Karen A. (1989). A Conversation with Steve Jobs. Comm. ACM. Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 437–443.
Deutschman, Alan (2001). The Second Coming of Steve Jobs. Broadway. ISBN 0-7679-0433-8.
Freiberger, Paul & Swaine, Michael (1999). Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer. McGraw-Hill Trade. ISBN 0-07-135892-7.
Hertzfeld, Andy (2004). Revolution in the Valley. O'Reilly Books. ISBN 0-596-00719-1.
Kahney, Leander (2004). The Cult of Mac. No Starch Press. ISBN 1-886411-83-2.
Levy, Steven (1984). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Anchor Press, Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19195-2.
Levy, Steven (1994). Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer that Changed Everything. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-85244-9.
Malone, Michael S. (1999). Infinite Loop. Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-638-4. Bantam Doubleday Dell. ISBN 0-385-48684-7.
Markoff, John (2005). What the Dormouse Said: How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-03382-0.
Simon, William L. & Young, Jeffrey S. (2005). iCon: Steve Jobs, The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-72083-6.
Stross, Randall E. (1993). Steve Jobs and The NeXT Big Thing. Atheneum Books. ISBN 0-689-12135-0.
Slater, Robert (1987). Portraits in Silicon. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-19262-4. Chapter 28
Young, Jeffrey S. (1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Scott, Foresman & Co.. ISBN 0-673-18864-7.
Wozniak, Steve (2006). iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I invented the personal computer, co-founded Apple and had fun doing it. W. W. Norton & Co.. ISBN 0-393-06143-4.
External links

Book: Apple Inc.
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Find more about Steve Jobs on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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YouTube video of first Jobs's Macworld keynote in 1997, when he returned to Apple, where he announced partnership with Microsoft.
Jobs's commencement address at Stanford University, June 12, 2005 (YouTube video).
"Thoughts on Music" by Steve Jobs, February 6, 2007.
"Thoughts on Flash" by Steve Jobs, April, 2010.
Steve Jobs at TED Conferences
Appearances on C-SPAN
Steve Jobs at the Internet Movie Database
Works by or about Steve Jobs in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
Steve Jobs collected news and commentary at The Guardian
Steve Jobs collected news and commentary at The New York Times
Steve Jobs collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
Bloomberg Game Changers: Steve Jobs A 48 minute video on Steve Jobs by Bloomberg
Profile at Forbes
Cammeron, Brenna (October 5, 2011). "Steve Jobs Dies: A Timeline Of His Health". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
Articles
"Thirty Years of Innovation at Apple: Jobs on the Job". Time. 2007.
Anecdotes from Steve Jobs's early days in Apple as reported by Andy Hertzfeld. Folklore.org.
Lohr, Steve (January 12, 1997). "Creating Jobs". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved October 27, 2007.
Booth, Cathy (August 18, 1997). "Steve's job: restart Apple". Time. Retrieved October 27, 2007.
Elkind, Peter (March 5, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". Fortune. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
Interviews
Steve Jobs in 1994: The Rolling Stone Interview, Rolling Stone—1994, republished January 17, 2011. Archived URL
Smithsonian Institution Oral History InterviewPDF (143 KB)—April 20, 1995.
The Seed of Apple's Innovation, BusinessWeek—October 12, 2004.
How Big Can Apple Get?, Fortune—February 21, 2005.
'Good for the Soul' at the Wayback Machine (archived October 22, 2006) Newsweek, October 15, 2006.
Bill Gates and Steve Jobs (video and transcript of on stage interview), All Things D, May 30, 2007.
Videotaped Deposition of Steven P. Jobs in front of the Securities and Exchange Commission, March 18, 2008
Interview with Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, Job's biological father, by Mohannad Al-Haj Ali, published in Al Hayat and reprinted by Ya Libnan, February 28, 2011
Steve Jobs on Charlie Rose

Some Common Soccer Rules and Terms

2007-09-20T08:11:00.000-07:00

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Soccer Players Positions Article

Some Common Soccer Rules and Terms

The basic rules of soccer are easily understood. Even the penalty rules are just common sense rules put up for the safety and enjoyment of the soccer game. Once a beginner starts playing soccer they can begin picking up rules and skills. They learn how great soccer is and start enjoying it even if they do not become the next world cup star.

Free-Kick Penalties

If a player breaks a rule during the soccer game, he is penalized. A penalty kick is awarded to the opponent. There are two different types of penalty kick when a soccer game rule is broken. One is the �direct� free kick wherein the player taking the free kick is allowed to kick the soccer ball directly between the opponent�s goalposts scoring a goal. Second free kick is called as �indirect� wherein the ball must be �touched� by another player before it can be sent into the opponent�s net.

Violations that can be awarded �indirect� free kick penalties include dangerous play, impeding the progress of an opponent, preventing an opponent�s goalkeeper from releasing the ball and whenever a penalty card is issued. �Direct� free kicks are usually awarded for certain violations such as kicking or attempting to kick, holding, tripping or attempting to trip, pushing or jumping at and charging into an opponent, and touching the soccer ball with the hands. The goalkeeper who is within his own goal area or a player taking a throw-in is the only one permitted to do this.

The Card System

Soccer game rules uses a colored card system for imposing penalties on a player who persistently or deliberately breaks the rules. The match referee places a mark on the match card alongside that player�s name to indicate that a penalty card was issued to the player.

These are the guidelines in issuing of colored penalty cards by the match referee:

Yellow card � issued for persistent violations of soccer game rules, defying the referee�s instructions, dissent, and unsporting behavior.

Red card � issued for more serious violations such as spitting, deliberately attacking an opponent and offensive behavior and is automatically issued if a player receives two yellow cards. The player who receives a red card must leave the field immediately and cannot take further part in the game.

Throw-ins and Corner Kicks

The soccer rule for throw-ins and corner-kicks are simple. If the ball passes over the outer edge of the sideline, then restart becomes a throw in. It is taken by the soccer team which didn't touch the ball last. If the soccer ball goes over the goal line, was last touched by a defensive player, and a goal wasn't scored, the restart becomes a corner kick. The goal kick is awarded when the ball passes the goal line, was previously touched by an attacking player, and a goal was not scored.

American Soccer Team in World Cup Football 2006

This is the 5th time for the U.S. Men’s National Team to qualify consecutively for the World Cup. Earlier the team appeared in the World Cup in 1930, 1934, and 1950. The United States Soccer team has been drawn into the Group E with the Czech Republic, Ghana and Italy in the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany.

The U.S. will be the country which opens Group E play against Czech Republic on June 12 in Gelsenkirchen. That game will be followed with matches against three-time World Cup champions Italy on June 17 in Kaiserslautern and against Ghana in Nuremberg on June 22. Under the condition the U.S. team advances to the second round, it would play against a team from Group F (Brazil, Australia, Croatia and Japan) in either Dortmund (June 27) or Kaiserslautern (June 26).

After a 4-year process in which the U. S. has used 85 players in 59 general matches, the manager of the U.S. Men’s National Team, Bruce Arena has selected the 23 players who will proudly represent the United States at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. There are five players in the U.S. team who have played professionally in Germany (Cherundolo, Keller, Donovan, Reyna and McBride).

There are four forwards in the U.S. team: Eddie Johnson (2006), Brian Ching (2006), Josh Wolff (2002, 2006), Brian McBride (1998, 2002, 2006) (Raindull, L., 2001)
The United States Men’s National Team started its World Cup preparations on January 4. The preparations were started at the National Training Center in Carson, California with a six-week training camp and with a series of test matches. The Men's National Team remained undefeated in eight out of ten test games played this year. In May, the team was reconvened for a final training camp. The team played Morocco (0:1), Venezuela (2:0) and Latvia (1:0) in a three game Send-Off Series in May. The team has got their highest ever position in the FIFA World Rankings in April 2006. In such a way it moved up one spot to fourth place. This puts the team in front of lots of traditional football countries.

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The United States Soccer National Club Championships

2007-09-20T08:05:00.000-07:00

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Soccer Article

The United States Soccer National Club Championships

The United States Soccer National Club is an organization that was formed in order to give young soccer players a chance to win a title of their own. It is called the United States Soccer National Club Championships. It started in summer of 2002, with both male and female U14 (14 years old) athletes. The United States Soccer National Club Championships has since grown to encompass more age group but never allowing a player older than 18 years. It is a way for young athletes to gain notice in the United States. The United States Soccer National Club Championships helps the players build confidence as they compete for the championship title.

Regional winners of the United States Soccer National Club Championships for each age group move on to compete in either the Eastern Final or the Western Final, depending on where their team is located. The finals are held separately then the winner from each is pitted against each other in the National Cup. The first United States Soccer National Club Championship National Cup was won by the boys of Chicago Magic and by the girls of FC DELCO.

The United States Soccer National Club Championship National Cup grew and expanded in 2003 because of its success the year before. It includes 5 age groups, including U14-U18, and the Premiere and Division 1 levels of play. The Western and Eastern Finals were removed and, instead, Regional champions went directly to the Finals. That same year, seven boys� and four girls� teams were crowned with the second United States Soccer National Club Championship National Cup at the National Sports Center in Blaine, Minnesota.

In 2004, age groups U12 and U13 were added, allowing younger children to be able to compete in the United States Soccer National Club Championship National Cup. The total number of awards given at this United States Soccer National Club Championship National Cup was eleven for the boys� teams and six for the girls� teams. The United States Soccer National Club Championship National Cup was held in North Carolina and included all of the age groups. Also, the Super Group level was added for the boys� tournament where the best teams from across the country compete for a separate National Final.

The United States Soccer National Club Championship remains an avenue for young athlete to break into national competition. It has allowed soccer to become a popular sport for both children and adult. The United States Soccer National Club Championship has armed these young athletes and they will grow up having the skills and experience to become great adult players and help the United States become a top soccer team where they will become formidable players internationally where Brazil and Italy currently reign supreme.

Soccer Fundraising

It seems like soccer fundraising is either a season-long effort or a quick hitter that doesn't cover all your needs.

Well, the good news is that there are some ways to make money quickly, or even all season long, that merit your consideration.

What are your fundraising goals?

Many youth sports teams and leagues want:

1 - Fundraisers that can be done with little effort
2 - Fundraisers that may be done sporadically
3 - Fundraisers that will produce significant results

Soccer fundraising programs
In this article, we'll examine several soccer fundraisers that are quick hitting and sure to score.

The three soccer fundraising programs are:

1 - Bottled water

2 - Shot cage and radar gun

3 - Fast-food discount cards

Soccer Fundraising: Bottled Water
The first soccer fundraising program is selling bottled water. Consider for a moment that each team member will bring water to every practice and to every game. That's at least a couple dozen bottles right there and probably a whole lot more.

Add in sales to spectators and you've got at least 500 bottles that could easily be sold. Sure, you can buy in bulk at a warehouse club, but you can add extra value to your soccer fundraising with private branding of your bottled water, either as a team or as a league.

The initial setup for each label is $75 and afterward, the unique label with your logo emblazoned in color costs nothing extra. Prices for the bottled spring water are wholesale, which allows your group a comfortable 50% profit margin.

When you think about it, doesn't it make sense to capture the wholesale-to-retail markup for your group while building team spirit at the same time?

Soccer Fundraising: Shot Cage
The second soccer fundraising program is best suited for a league-wide effort. On Picture Day, during a tournament, or at any other event with high attendance, set up a soccer "shot cage" with a radar gun to measure velocity.

Every player will want multiple chances to show just how fast their shot speeds toward the goal. You can set up contests with prizes for various age ranges, team awards, Top Gun, etc.

Soccer fundraising featuring a radar-equipped shooting cage is actually an inexpensive event to host.

Several companies rent the equipment by the week with radar gun, cage, and freight all included for less than $350.

You can also find suppliers who will put together a soccer fundraiser with a hosted radar cage and do a revenue split with your group, so there would be no upfront cost.

To maximize your soccer fundraising success, price shots in a multi-shot package, such as two for $1 or other combinations.

Count the number of players in your league or potential shooters at a tournament event and determine if this type of soccer fundraising is right for your group.

For additional information, you can contact national supplier Absolute Amusements.

Soccer Fundraising: Fast-food Discount Cards
The third soccer fundraiser is one that your group can use once or use to raise funds all season long. And that's selling fast food discount cards.

This is a simple item to sell. Each fundraising discount card contains a certain number of two-for-one meal packages at a well-known fast food outlet.

Participating companies include McDonalds, Burger King, Pizza Hut, Subway, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dominoes Pizza, and other large fast-food chains.

Your group purchases a certain number of these cards in advance and sells them to families or individuals that will appreciate a substantial discount. The number of two-for-one deals on each card varies by company.

Pizza Hut's card offers a free pizza with the purchase of another pizza up to a maximum of ten. The McDonalds card seems to offer the least number of "double deals" but its also one of the most popular.

Each card retails for $10 and costs between $1 to $2. Each one features the fast-food company's logo on the front along with a message stating that 80-90% of the price of this card goes to support your soccer fundraising group.

It's a nice way to tap into the consumer spending revenue stream with an attractive product that benefits both parties.

Find out more about fundraising discount cards from a supplier that handles all the different cards.

These programs allow your group to reap an excellent return by offering quality products that require only moderate effort. They are guaranteed to score a goal every time out with your players and your supporters.

About the Author: Greg Reynolds writes about fundraisers and fundraising events for schools, churches, and youth sports groups. Signup for the free monthly newsletter or get an RSS feed from our Fundraising Ideas Blog.

On this day in Liverpool history:17th August

2007-09-10T06:58:00.001-07:00

On this day in Liverpool history:17th August
จาก ynwaforums
MESIAH แปลและเรียบเรียง :17-08-07

วันนี้ (17 สิงหาคม) เมื่อในอดีตมีอะไรเกิดขึ้นในเรื่องที่เกี่ยวกับลิเวอร์พูลบ้างมาดูกัน

Into the hot-seat
ทั้งบ็อบ เพสลีย์และเคนนี่ ดัลกลิชเปิดตัวลงคุมทีมในวันนี้ในอดีตที่ผ่านมา โดยบ็อบเริ่มคุมเกมลีกเป็นครั้งแรกในฐานะผู้จัดการทีมเมื่อปี 1974 และมีชัย 2-1 เหนือลูตัน ทาวน์ด้วยประตูที่มาจากทอมมี่ สมิธและสตีฟ ไฮเวย์ ให้หลังอีก 11 ปีได้นำเคนนี่ ดัลกลิชสู่การเป็นบอสส์เรดส์ แมชีนเป็นครั้งแรกโดยเปิดบ้านแอนฟิลด์รับอาคันตุกะจากเมืองหลวงอย่างอาร์เซนอลและเอาชนะไปได้สบายๆ 2-0 ขอบคุณประตูจากรอนนี่ วีแล่นและสตีฟ นิโคล

Jan's day
อดีตไรท์-แบ็คเรดส์แยน ครอมแคมป์อายุครบ 27 ปีในวันนี้เขาลงเล่นภายใต้เสื้อสีแดงเพลิงไปเพียงแค่ 18 แมตท์เท่านั้น ภายหลังมาถึงแอนฟิลด์เมื่อเดือนมกราคม ปี 2006 โดยย้ายมาจากบีญาเรอัล และเดินจากไปหลังจากนั้นแค่แปดเดือนพร้อมกับนำเหรียญแชมป์เอฟเอ คัพออกไปด้วย

European debut
เราร่วมลงแข่งขันเกมยุโรเปียนเป็นครั้งแรกของสโมสรในวันนี้เมื่อปี 1964 ในรอบแรกของฟุตบอลยุโรเปียน คัพ และบุกไปถล่มทีมแชมป์ของชาวไอซ์แลนดิคนาม Knattspyrnuf้lag Reykjavํkur ไปได้อย่างท่วมท้น 5-0 โดยกอร์ดอน วัลเลสและโรเจอร์ ฮันท์ต่างเหมาคนละสองขณะที่ฟิล คริสนัลล์รับผิดชอบกับประตูที่เหลือ และสกอร์นี้ยังคงเทียบเท่าคลับ เรคคอร์ดของเกมเยือนในฟุตบอลยุโรป ส่วนการกลับมาเตะอีกครั้งในเลก(leg)ที่สองเรดส์ยังคงเก็บชัยชนะไปได้ด้วยสกอร์ท่วมท้นโดยรวมผลสองนัดเราชนะด้วยประตูรวม 11-1

Happy birthday Leo
ออยวินด์ ลีออนฮาร์เซ่นอายุครบ 37 ปีในวันนี้ เขาสกอร์ได้เจ็ดครั้งใน 49 เรดส์เกมตลอดสองปีของเขาในถิ่นแอนฟิลด์ ก่อนที่เชราร์ อุลลิเยร์จะออฟ-โหลด(off-load :เอาลง,ปลด)เขาสู่ทอตแน่ม ฮอทสเปอร์ด้วยราคา 3 ล้านปอนด์เมื่อเดือนสิงหาคมปี 1999

Double debutants
สตีฟ ฟินแน่นและแฮร์รี่ คีลล์ต่างร่วมเปิดตัวในเกมเรดส์อย่างเป็นทางการเป็นครั้งแรกในวันนี้เมื่อสี่ปีที่แล้วที่เราแพ้คาบ้าน 2-1 ต่อเชลซี โดยไมเคิล โอเว่นทำสกอร์จากจุดโทษให้เราและเป็นประตูที่ 300 ในลีกของสโมสรนับตั้งแต่เชราร์ อุลลิเยร์เริ่มคุมทีมข้างสนาม

Potter off
ดาร์เรน พอตเตอร์เข้าร่วมทีมวูลฟแฮมป์ตัน วันเดอเรอร์สแบบยืมตัวในวันนี้เมื่อปีที่แล้ว เขาไม่เคยลงเล่นแบบเต็มเกมเลยสักครั้งตลอด 17 แมตท์ที่ใส่เสื้อทีมชุดซีเนียร์ เรดส์ลงสนาม ต่อมาพอตเตอร์เซ็นต์ย้ายแบบถาวรในเดือนมกราคมที่ผ่านมาและลงเล่นให้วูล์ฟไปทั้งหมด 44 ครั้ง

Triple debutants
มาร์ค วอลเทอร์ส,มาร์ค ไรท์และเร็คคอร์ด ไซจ์นิงคนใหม่นามดีน ซอนเดอร์สทั้งหมดต่างเปิดตัวในแมตท์อย่างเป็นทางการในวันนี้เมื่อปี 1991 ในเกมเปิดซีซั่นที่เราเปิดบ้านเอาชนะโอลด์แฮม แอธเลติคไปได้ 2-1 โดยเรย์ เฮาจ์ตันและจอห์น บาร์นส์เป็นผู้ทำสกอร์ให้เรา

And N๚๑ez
ไรท์-ไซด์ มิดฟิลเดอร์ชาวสแปนิชนามอันโตนิโอ นูนเญสเซ็นต์ย้ายจากเรอัล มาดริดในวันนี้เมื่อสามปีที่แล้วในส่วนหนึ่งของสัญญาการลาจากแอนฟิลด์สู่ดินแดนคนสู้วัวของไมเคิล โอเวน นูนเญสกอร์ให้เรดส์ได้เพียงลูกเดียวเท่านั้นในบรรดา 27 แมตท์ที่เขาลงเล่นให้เรดส์โดยทำประตูปลอบใจให้เราในรอบชิงฟุตบอลถ้วยเมเจอร์รายการคาร์ลิง คัพที่พบกับเชลซีที่คาร์ดิฟ ปัจจุบันเขากลับไปค้าแข้งกับเรอัล คลับ เซลต้า เดอ บีโก้ที่สเปน

Boro treble
แมตท์เปิดซีซั่นใหม่ของลิเวอร์พูลในวันนี้เมื่อ 11 ปีที่แล้วจบลงด้วยผลเสมอ 3-3 ที่มิดเดิลสโบรห์โดยผู้เล่นที่พึ่งเซ็นต์สัญญาใหม่ของทีมเจ้าบ้านนามฟาบริซิโอ ราวาเนลลี่กระทุ้งแฮต-ทริคได้สำเร็จ ส่วนสติก อิงเก้ บิยอร์นบี้สกอร์ในแมตท์นี้ไปหนึ่งลูกในบรรดาสี่ลูกที่เขาทำประตูให้เรดส์ได้ทั้งหมด ร่วมด้วยจอห์น บาร์นสและร็อบบี้ ฟาวเลอร์ที่ต่างมีชื่อบนสกอร์ชีต

Other League fixtures
เราบุกไปเสมอกับอาร์เซนอล 1-1 ในวันนี้เมื่อปี 1968 ด้วยประตูจากโจเจอร์ ฮันท์ สองปีให้หลังเราเสมอกับแบล็คพูลแบบไม่มีสกอร์ที่บลูมฟิลด์ โรด ปีต่อมานำเราไปสู่ชัยชนะ 3-2 เหนือวูลฟแฮมป์ตัน วันเดอเรอร์สที่แอนฟิลด์ เมื่อทั้งจอห์น โตแช็คและสตีฟ ไฮเวย์ต่างบวกเพิ่มลูกยิงจุดโทษของทอมมี่ สมิธ

Another friendly
เราทำได้แค่เสมอกับอาร์เอสซี อันเดอร์เลชต์แบบไม่มีสกอร์ที่สตาด เอมิลี่ เวอร์เซ่ในวันนี้เมื่อปี 1973

World Stars
วันนี้เมื่อ 8 ปีที่แล้วริโกแบรก์ท ซงและสติก อิงเก้ บิยอร์นบี้ลงเล่นให้ทีมเวิร์ลด์ สตาร์ 11 ปะทะแข้งกับเซาธ์ แอฟริกาที่เอลลิส พาร์คกรุงโยฮันเนสเบิร์กในรายการ Nelson Mandela Farewell Game โดยลิเวอร์พูล ดูโอลงเล่นภายใต้การคุมทีมของ
รอย ฮอดจ์สันและรุด กุลลิท

International firsts
รอนนี่ โรเซนธาลติดทีมชาติเป็นครั้งแรกเมื่อเป็นผู้เล่นทอตแนม ฮอตสเปอร์จากทั้งหมด 38 นัดในนามทีมชาติของเขาในวันนี้เมื่อ 13 ปีที่แล้ว ในแมตท์กระชับมิตรที่อิสราเอลพ่าย 4-0 ต่อโครเอเชียในกรุงเทล-อาวิฟ และในวันเดียวกันนั้นฟิวเจอร์ เรดส์นามแพทริค แบร์เกอร์สวมหมวกทีมชาติชุดซีเนียร์เป็นครั้งที่สามและเป็นครั้งแรกสำหรับสาธารณรัฐเช็คที่แยกประเทศออกมาใหม่ ในเกมกระชับมิตรที่ปะทะแข้งกับฝรั่งเศสโดยเสมอกันไป 2-2 ที่บอร์กโดซ์

Diarra's day
อาลู ดิยาร์ราเปิดตัวลงเล่นครั้งแรกให้เลอ อาฟร์ อาซีในวันนี้เมื่อ 5 ปีที่แล้วโดยถูกเปลี่ยนลงไปเล่นแทนฟิวเจอร์ เรดนามอองโตนี่ เลอ ตัลเล็คและพวกเขาบุกไปเสมอ 2-2 ต่อราซิ่ง คลับ เดอ สตาร์บูร์ก และเป็นเฟลโลว์ ฟิวเจอร์ เรด(อนาคต เรดชุดเยาวชน)นามฟลอรอง ซินาม่า-ปงโกลล์ที่ทำประตูให้เลอ อาฟร์

Young Milan on target
วันนี้เมื่อแปดปีที่แล้วฟิวเจอร์ เรดนามมิลาน บารอสเจาะตาข่ายให้สาธารณรัฐเช็คชุด u-18 เบียดเอาชนะโปแลนด์ 2-1 ในเกมกระชับมิตรที่ Nachod นอกจากนั้นบารอสยังถูกจดชื่อในแมตท์นี้อีกด้วย

Momo at the Olympics
วันนี้เมื่อสามปีที่แล้ว ฟิวเจอร์ เรดนามโมโม่ ซิสโซโก้ลงเล่นให้ทีมชาติมาลีของเขาและเสมอกับเซาธ์ โคเรียไป 3-3 ในรอบแรกของฟุตบอลโอลิมปิคที่เธสโลนิกิ, กรีซผลเสมอในนัดนี้ทำให้พวกเขาผ่านเข้าสู่รอบควอเตอร์ ไฟนอลได้อย่างแน่นอน และในวันเดียวกันนี้ฆาเบียร์ มาสเคราโน่มีชื่อลงเล่นให้ทีมชาติอาร์เจนติน่าและสามารถเอาชนะออสเตรเลียไปได้ 1-0 ผ่านเข้าสู่รอบน็อคเอาท์ได้เช่นเดียวกัน

International youngsters in action
ร็อบบี้ ฟอย,อองโตนี่ เลอ ตัลเล็ค,ดาร์เร็น พอตเตอร์,ฟลอรองต์ ซินาม่า-ปงโกลล์และฟิวเจอร์ เรดนามสกอต คาร์สันและเจอร์เมน เพนแนนท์ทั้งหมดต่างมีชื่อลงเล่นเกมกระชับมิตรให้ทีมชาติชุด u-21 ของตนในวันนี้เมื่อสามปีที่แล้ว

The Henchman signs up
มันได้รับการประกาศในวันนี้เมื่อหกปปีที่แล้วว่าสเตฟาน อองโชซ์เซ็นต์สัญญาฉบับใหม่แล้วและมีผลผูกมัดให้เขาต้องอยู่ร่วมทีมเดอะ เรดส์จนกระทั่งปี 2005 เขาลงเล่นให้หงส์ไปทั้งหมด 205 ครั้งและช่วยให้เราคว้ามาได้ 5 โทรฟี่ในปี 2001 และอีกหนึ่งถ้วยลีก คัพในอีกสองปีต่อมา

International beginnings and endings
เปเป้ เรน่าเปิดตัวลงเล่นให้ทีมชาติชุดซีเนียร์เป็นครั้งแรกในวันนี้เมื่อสองปีที่แล้ว ขณะที่เฟร์นันโด้ มอริเอนเทสสวมหมวกทีมชาติใบแรกเมื่อเป็นนักเตะหงส์ในเกมที่สเปนเอาชนะอุรุกวัยไปได้ 2-0 ที่ Gij๓n หลุยส์ การ์เซียก็ร่วมลงเล่นในเกมนี้ด้วย อีกด้านหนึ่งดีทมาร์ ฮามันน์ลงเล่นรับใช้เยอรมันนีชาติของเขาเป็นนัดที่ 59 และเป็นครั้งสุดท้ายในเกมที่พวกเขาบุกไปเสมอกับเนเธอร์แลนด์ 2-2 โดยกังหันสีส้มประกอบไปด้วยฟิวเจอร์ เรดส์อย่างเดิร์ค เคาท์และแยน ครอมแคมป์ที่ติดทีมชาติเป็นครั้งแรกในขณะเป็นผู้เล่นของบิญาเรอัล
ในวันเดียวกันนั้นวลาดิเมียร์ ซมิเซอร์ติดทีมชาตเป็นครั้งแรกเมื่อเป็นนักเตะของฌิรงแดงส์ เดอ บอร์กโดซ์และเป็นครั้งที่ 75 ของเขาร่วมด้วยมิลาน บารอสที่ลงเล่นเกมทีมชาติเป็นครั้งสุดท้ายเมื่อยังเป็นนักเตะหงส์โดยสาธารณรัฐเช็คพ่าย 2-1 ต่อสวีเดน ส่วนยารี่ ลิตมาเน่นลงเล่นเกมทีมชาติเป็นครั้งแรกเมื่อเป็นนักเตะของมัลโม่ เอฟเอฟโดยฟินแลนด์เอาชนะเอฟวายอาร์ มาซิโดเนียไปได้อย่างขาดลอย 3-0 ในฟุตบอลโลกรอบคัดเลือกที่ฟินแลนด์โดยแมตท์นี้ซามี่ ฮูเปียสวมปลอกแขนกัปตันทีมให้ชาติของเขา
ไมเคิล โอเว่นติดทีมชาติเป็นครั้งสุดท้ายเมื่อเป็นนักเตะของเรอัล มาดริดและเป็นครั้งที่ 71 ของเขาในเกมที่อังกฤษบุกไปคว้าชัยเหนือเดนมาร์คถึงถิ่น 4-1 ร่วมด้วยเจมี่ คาร์ราเกอร์,สตีเว่น เจอร์ราร์ดและเอกซ์-เรดนามเดวิด เจมส์ทั้งหมดต่างมีชื่อปะทะแข้งกับฟิวเจอร์ เรดนามแดนิเอล แอกเกอร์ ส่วนอีกชาติหนึ่งเอกซ์-เรดนามจอห์น โตแช็คลงคุมทีมชาติเวลส์เสมอแบบไม่มีสกอร์กับสโลวีเนียที่คาร์ดิฟฟ์ โดยเอกซ-เรดอีกคนอย่างแกเร็ธ โรเบิร์ตสก็ร่วมเล่นในเกมนี้ด้วย นอกจากนี้ในวันนั้นบรรดานักเตะหงส์แดงคนอื่นๆต่างพาเหรดมีชื่อลงเล่นแมตท์กระชับมิตรทีมชาติของตนกันอย่างถ้วนหน้าไม่ว่าจะเป็นฌิบริล ซิสเซ่,สตีฟ ฟินแน่น,ยอห์น อาร์เน่ ริเซ่,เอกซ์-เรดนามอาลู ดิยาร์ราและเอล ฮัดจิ ดิยุฟ

On the move
เคร็ก เบลลามี่เซ็นต์ย้ายจากนอริช ซิตี้สู่โคเวนทรี่ ซิตี้ด้วยราคา 6.5 ล้านปอนด์ในวันนี้เมื่อเจ็ดปีที่แล้วโดยกระทุ้งตาข่ายให้เดอะ คานารีส์ได้ 34 ครั้งใน 91 แมตท์ และพังประตูให้เดอะ สกาย บลูส์ทีมใหม่ของเขาได้อีก 8 ลูกใน 39 เกมส์ก่อนย้ายอีกครั้งสู่นิวคาสเซิล ยูไนเต็ดหลังจากอยู่ร่วมทีมช้างกระทืบโรงเพียงแค่ 10 เดือน